Comments support the same rich content that Pages do.

As such, anything you can put in a page, you can put in a comment. This includes tables, attachments, columns, panels, as well as issue mentions, page mentions, and user mentions.

video of comment edit with content being added

The big limitation with comments is horizontal space. Because comments are shown underneath the page, they have a limited width of approximately 650 pixels. Effectively this means, some content (like images and tables) simply cannot be as wide as it could be in a page.

Addtionally, on Jira Server / Data Center, pages support tasks, which cannot be placed in a comment.